When thinking about indoor air quality, most people focus on ventilation, cleaning habits, or the presence of allergens. But there’s a significant factor that often gets overlooked: the materials used to build and furnish your space. At Air Quality Consultants (AQC), we know that what your home or office is made of can directly impact the air you breathe every day. Understanding how building materials affect indoor air quality is a key step in creating healthier environments—especially in new builds, renovations, or interior upgrades.
How Building Materials Affect Indoor Air
Many common building materials emit substances into the air as they age, degrade, or interact with indoor conditions like temperature and humidity. This process is known as off-gassing, and it can release a range of pollutants into the air, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, and particulate matter.
These pollutants can accumulate in enclosed spaces, especially in tightly sealed buildings with limited ventilation—exactly the kind of energy-efficient structures that are becoming more common today.
What Are VOCs?
Volatile organic compounds are gases emitted by a variety of solids and liquids. In building materials, VOCs are often found in:
- Paints and finishes
- Adhesives and sealants
- Vinyl flooring
- Engineered wood products like plywood, particleboard, and MDF
- Insulation materials
Some VOCs are short-lived, while others can linger for months or even years after installation. In high concentrations, they may contribute to health issues such as headaches, respiratory irritation, fatigue, and in some cases, long-term complications.
Common Offenders in Indoor Spaces
Paints and Finishes
Conventional paints, stains, and sealants often contain VOCs that off-gas long after application. While these fumes may be strongest during and immediately after painting, they can continue releasing pollutants for weeks. Low-VOC or zero-VOC alternatives are available and can greatly reduce exposure.
Engineered Wood and Laminate Products
Pressed wood products are commonly used in cabinetry, furniture, and flooring. These often contain formaldehyde-based resins, which off-gas over time. The tighter the space, the more these gases can build up.
Carpeting and Adhesives
New carpets and the adhesives used to install them can emit a mix of VOCs and other chemicals. These emissions tend to be highest shortly after installation, but traces can persist, especially if ventilation is inadequate.
Insulation Materials
Certain foam and fiberglass insulation materials may contain or release harmful substances if not properly sealed or aged. Choosing safer alternatives—such as formaldehyde-free insulation—can improve long-term air quality.
Best Practices for Reducing Material-Related Air Pollution
1. Choose Low-Emission Materials
Look for building materials and products that are certified low-emitting. Reputable third-party certifications include:
- GREENGUARD Gold
- FloorScore
- CARB (California Air Resources Board) Phase 2 compliant wood products
- Green Seal certified paints and coatings
These certifications help ensure the materials meet rigorous indoor air quality standards.
2. Allow for Off-Gassing Before Occupancy
If you’re renovating or moving into a new space, give new materials time to off-gas before full use. This may involve installing materials early in the project timeline and ventilating the space thoroughly during and after installation.
3. Prioritize Ventilation
Even the best materials will release some level of emissions. Having a well-designed ventilation system—whether mechanical or natural—can significantly reduce indoor pollutant concentrations. Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs) and HEPA filters are great tools to manage air exchange while preserving indoor comfort.
4. Maintain Indoor Humidity Levels
High humidity can accelerate the release of VOCs from materials like plywood or vinyl flooring. Keep humidity levels between 30% and 50% to reduce off-gassing and prevent mold growth.
Building Better Means Breathing Better
Every choice made during construction or renovation has an impact on the indoor environment long after the project is complete. By understanding the role of building materials in indoor air quality, homeowners and property managers can make informed decisions that support long-term health and comfort.
At Air Quality Consultants, we’re here to help you identify potential sources of indoor air pollution and recommend safer, smarter alternatives—whether you’re planning a renovation, designing a new space, or simply looking to improve your existing air quality. Reach out today for expert guidance and customized solutions. Because cleaner air always starts at the foundation.
